Tänane küsimuste ja vastuste seanss jõuab meile viisakalt SuperUserini - Stack Exchange'i ja kogukonnapõhiste Q & A veebisaitide rühmitusse.
Küsimus
SuperUseri lugeja Rrazd on huvitav DOS-i ajalooga ja kuidas see interakteerub Windowsi praeguste iteratsioonidega:
I am just about to start an OS course and as an Apple user I am not very familiar with the underlying details of Windows OS. I was wondering, is MS DOS still used with Windows running on top or is ONLY Windows used now as the OS? I was a little confused because I read somewhere that MS-DOS is used for booting but Windows has all other OS capabilities built into it and thus is used for all other OS operations…
Kui palju täidab rolli, kui üldse, MS-DOS Windowsis täna?
Vastus
SuperUseri kaasautor JdeBP esitab väga üksikasjaliku ja tugevalt dokumenteeritud vastuse:
There are two distinct lineages when it comes to Microsoft Windows, and it doesn’t help things when people write things about one lineage that they have learned about the other.
- The DOS+Windows lineage comprises DOS+Windows all versions up to version 3.11, DOS+Windows 95, DOS+Windows 98, and DOS+Windows Millennium Edition. It has Windows layered on top of DOS. Entire books have been written on the subject of this layering, and it is the subject of some contention, not least because a lot of people for a fair while in the early to middle 1990s wanted the world to believe that DOS was gone and Windows was the operating system.This is the DOS+Windows bootstrap process.
- The Windows NT lineage comprises Windows NT 3.x, Windows NT 4.0, Windows NT 5.0 (“Windows 2000”), Windows NT 5.1 (“Windows XP”), Windows NT 5.2 (some editions of Windows XP and “Windows Server 2003”), Windows NT 6.0 (“Windows Vista”), and Windows NT 6.1 (“Windows 7”). It is not layered on top of DOS, works in a completely different way to DOS, and can run DOS applications by dint of an NT Virtual DOS Machine (NTVDM) which is a virtual machine that runs on top of Windows NT rather than the other way around.This is the Windows NT 6.x bootstrap process.
What also doesn’t help is when people mistakenly talk of a “DOS prompt” in Windows NT, as has even happened in answers here. Aside from the fact that it is command interpreters that prompt, not operating systems, this conflates “DOS” with “textual user interface” and “command interpreter”, neither of which are in actuality synonymous with DOS. DOS is a family of operating systems: MS-DOS, PC-DOS, DR-DOS, FreeDOS, OpenDOS, et cetera.
If one has a command prompt window open on Windows NT then one is almost always running
CMD
mis on Microsofti vaikimisi käsku tõlgib kastis ja mis on tavapärane, tekstiline kasutajaliides, Win32-programm. Ei ole "DOS" ega NTVDM. Selle Win32-konsooli objektiga räägib lihtsalt Win32-programm. Tegelikult on paljudel TUI-programmidel, mida saab kasutada Windows NT-s, sealhulgas kõik Microsofti erinevate ressursikomplektide tööriistad, on olemasikka veel Puudutage DOS-i kõikjal pildil, sest kõik need on tavalised Win32-programmid, mis täidavad Win32-konsooli I / O ka.
Irooniline, arvestades, et Windows NT 3.1 ilmus 1993. aastal, Windows NT liintegelikult on mitte-based-upon-DOS-i Windows-on-operatsioonisüsteemi süsteem, mille kõik 1990ndate aastate keskel olnud inimesed üritasid maailma veenda, et DOS + Windows 95 oli.
Ja kaheksateist aastat hiljem üritame ikkagi mõnda inimestesse jõuda, et Windows NT ei tööta nagu DOS ja pole kunagi varem. ☺
Lisalugemist
- Jonathan de Boyne Pollard (2006).Operatsioonisüsteemi kerneli arendajatele ja seadme draiverite autoritele mõeldud raamatute nimekiri. Sageli antakse vastuseid.
- Mark E. Russinovich, David A. Solomon, Alex Ionescu (2009).Windowsi internetid (5. väljaanne). Microsoft Press. ISBN 9780735625303.
- Walter Oney (1996).Süsteemide programmeerimine Windows 95 jaoks. Microsoft Press. ISBN 1 55615 949 8.
- Matt Pietrek (november 1995).Windows 95 süsteemiprogrammide saladused. IDG raamatud. ISBN 1-56884-318-6.
- Andrew Schulman (1994).Volitamata Windows 95. IDG raamatud kogu maailmas. ISBN 9781568841694.
- Matt Pietrek (1993).Windowsi siseosad: Windowsi töökeskkonna rakendamine. Addison-Wesley. ISBN 9780201622171.
- Andrew Schulman, David Maxey, Matt Pietrek (1992).Windowsi mittesertifitseerimine: programmeerija juhend reserveeritud Microsoft Windowsi api funktsioonide jaoks. Addison-Wesley. ISBN 9780201608342.
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